A thematic content analysis of male perspectives on the factors that shape societal expectations of the male form

How an individual thinks and feels about their body has a direct impact on health and wellbeing. Body-image pressures and body dissatisfaction is a growing issue among younger populations. However, more recently a need to focus on male populations has become self-evident, particularly in relation to perceptions of societal expectations. The present study used a thematic content analysis to examine male perceptions of body image, and how external factors, such as social media and social comparisons impact on behaviours and drive rhetoric. A total of 41 male participants responded to 16 open-ended questions via an online survey. Analysis revealed three overarching themes: The Unrealistic and Unachievable Norm, Perceptions of Others as the Disconnect Between the Self and Body-Image, and A Need to Redefine the Norm. Sub-themes provided insights into issues such as, unachievable physical standards, social pressures, toxic diet cultures and a need for more positive male role models regarding health and fitness among males. Implications regarding mental and physical health among males are discussed, highlighting the pitfalls of social media, and a need to redefine cultural norms surrounding male body image.